dao mổ điện cao tần-Nguyễn Công Trình- High-frequency electric scalpel

dao mổ điện cao tần-Nguyễn Công Trình-

Mình xin trích một đoạn nhỏ bài báo bằng tiếng Anh như sau :

Sample preparation:
Ex vivo fresh porcine liver was used to prepare tissue samples due to its rich capillary blood distributionand adequate blood supply. All the porcine livers were collected from male pigs in a local abattoir,preserved in an icebox and delivered to the laboratory. Porcine liver chunks with a size of about80 ×50 ×20 mm were used for the electrosurgical cutting test, while porcine liver slices with a size ofabout 25 ×10 ×0.5 mm were used to do the control test. The tissue sample preparation was completed at

Electrosurgical cutting experimental set-up and electrode sample. (a) Electrosurgical cutting experimental set-up, 1—ESU,2—feeding device, 3—active electrode pen, 4—active electrode, 5—porcine liver, 6—dispersive electrode, 7—locating device.(b) Standard blade-type 304 stainless steel monopolar active electrode

Electrosurgical cutting tests
Electrosurgical cutting tests were conducted under the blend mode using a monopolar ESU (ForceFX-8CS, Conviden, USA). To avoid the deviation of test results caused by manual operation, all theelectrosurgical cutting tests were carried out using a self-designed auxiliary device which mainly consistsof a feeding part and a lifting part to precisely control cutting speed and depth, as shown in figure 1.Allthe tests were finished under the cutting power of 50 W, the cutting speed of 8 mm s−1and the incisiondepth of 10 mm. To form apparent sticking tissue upon active electrode, a total cutting length of 320mmand effective cutting time of 40 s were used for each cutting test. To better simulate the real cuttingcondition of electrosurgery, the choice of these parameters was based on clinical experience.

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High-frequency electric scalpel

Mình chỉ trích dẫn một ít . Các bạn có thể đọc toàn văn bài báo tại đây nhé : https://www.researchgate.net/publication/326322296_Effect_of_high-frequency_electric_field_on_the_tissue_sticking_of_minimally_invasive_electrosurgical_devices

Một cuốn nữa cũng khá lý thú là cuốn : một số nguyên tắc cơ bản của phẫu thuật điện
tên tiếng Anh là : "Fundamentals of Electrosurgery"
Mình xin trích và lược dịch một đoạn ha :

With the advent of surgical lasers, institutional credentialing committees ensured that surgeons clearly demonstrated knowledge of laser physics prior to allowing them to use the equipment in their facilities. Unfortunately, such rigorous requirements have not, to date, been applied to electrosurgery. Consequently, generations of physicians have had extensive experience with an instrument that most do not understand, a factor that likely contributed signifi cantly to the incidence of RF electricity-related surgical complications. Like all energy sources, RF electricity should be respected, not feared. However, for safe and effective use, it is mandatory that the surgeon possess a clear understanding of the principles of electrosurgery. During RF electrosurgery, the electromagnetic energy is converted in the cells fi rst to kinetic energy then to thermal energy. The desired effect in the tissue is determined by a number of electrical properties as well as factors such as tissue exposure time and the size and shape of the surface of the electrode near to or in contact with the target tissue. So what is “alternating current?” The answer starts with a description of the requirements for an electrical circuit. For any electrical circuit to exist, there must be a positive and negative pole to create the conditions for movement of ions and/or electrons. In a DC , the polarity in the circuit remains constant, as does the fl ow of the electrons (Fig. 2.2a ). Common everyday examples of DC circuits are found wherever the power source is a battery, like a fl ashlight. When the polarity switches back and forth, which is the case for standard “wall outlet” sources, the term AC is used, a circumstance that refl ects the alternating polarity of the circuit (Fig. 2.2b ). In North American outlets, the polarity of the output changes 60 times per second, or 60 Hz. This frequency allows us to power our homes and appliances, but also has the ability to depolarize muscle and neural cells as will be discussed later in this chapter. However, if the frequency of the polar change is increased dramatically, in excess of 100,000 Hz, or 100 kHz, the muscles and nerves cannot respond and, in essence, function normally. Furthermore, such frequencies can be used surgically to impact the cells and tissue in a dramatically effective fashion. Because the frequencies typically used for surgery are around 500 KHz, the frequency of amplitude modifi cation (AM) radio broadcasts, the term RF electrosurgery is used (Fig. 2.3 ).

 Fig. 2.2. ( a , b ) Direct vs. Alternating current. The upper panel depicts an electrical circuit created by an energy source with constant polarity, a battery, with the resultant unidirectional fl ow of electrons. The oscilloscope refl ects the output with a constant defl ection on one side of the “0” line. In the bottom panel , the energy source is an alternating current with each pole constantly switching from negative to positive, and a waveform that spends equal amounts of time above and below “0.” As a result, there is no directional fl ow—the electrons can be perceived to be oscillating, not fl owing. This should explain why the term “return” does not apply to alternating current circuits.

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